عن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال: «صَلَّيتُ معَ رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلم- رَكعَتَين قَبل الظُّهر، وَرَكعَتَين بَعدَها، ورَكعَتَين بعد الجُمُعَةِ، ورَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ المَغرِب، وَرَكعَتَينِ بَعدَ العِشَاء». وفي لفظ: «فأمَّا المغربُ والعشاءُ والجُمُعَةُ: ففي بَيتِه». وفي لفظ: أنَّ ابنَ عُمَر قال: حدَّثَتنِي حَفصَة: أنَّ النبِيَّ -صلَّى الله عليه وسلم-: «كان يُصَلِّي سَجدَتَين خَفِيفَتَينِ بَعدَمَا يَطلُعُ الفَجر، وكانت سَاعَة لاَ أَدخُلُ على النبيَّ -صلَّى الله عليه وسلم- فِيهَا».
[صحيح] - [متفق عليه بجميع رواياته]
المزيــد ...

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I prayed with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) two Rak‘ahs (units of prayer) before the Zhuhr prayer, two Rak‘ahs after it, two Rak‘ahs after the Friday prayer, two Rak‘ahs after the Maghrib prayer, and two Rak‘ahs after the ‘Ishā' prayer. In another version: "As for the two Rak‘ahs after the Maghrib, ‘Ishā', and Friday prayers, he would offer them at home." And in yet another version, Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Hafsah told me that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer two short Rak‘ahs after the break of dawn. That was a time during which I would not enter the Prophet’s dwelling.
Sahih/Authentic. - [Al-Bukhari and Muslim with all its versions]

Explanation

This Hadīth outlines the regular supererogatory prayers associated with the five obligatory prayers as follows: Zhuhr prayer: two Rak‘ahs before and two Rak‘ahs after. Friday prayer: two Rak‘ahs after. Maghrib prayer: two Rak‘ahs after. ‘Ishā' prayer: two Rak‘ahs after. The Hadīth also states that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer the regular supererogatory prayers associated with the night-time Maghrib and ‘Ishā' as well as the Fajr and Friday prayers at home. Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) used to frequent the Prophet’s house, given that his sister Hafsah was his wife. So, he would occasionally enter the Prophet’s dwelling as he engaged in acts of worship. However, he acted politely and refrained from visiting the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) at certain hours of the day, in compliance with the divine command: {O you who have believed, let those whom your right hands possess and those who have not [yet] reached puberty among you ask permission of you [before entering] at three times: before the dawn prayer.} [An-Nūr: 58] Hence, Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) would not enter the Prophet’s dwelling before the Fajr prayer so that he could learn about the Prophet’s prayer at that time. However, keen to seek knowledge, he asked his sister Hafsah about that, and she told him that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to offer two brief Rak‘ahs after the break of dawn, which are the supererogatory prayer associated with the Fajr prayer.

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