Hadith: O Usāmah, you killed him after he had said "there is no god but Allah"?

عن أسامة بن زيد رضي الله عنهما ، قال: بَعَثَنَا رسولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى الحُرَقَةِ من جُهَيْنَةَ فَصَبَّحْنَا القَوْمَ على مِيَاهِهِم، ولَحِقْتُ أنا ورجلٌ من الأنصارِ رجلًا منهم، فلما غَشِينَاهُ، قال: لا إله إلا الله، فَكَفَّ عنه الأَنْصَارِيُّ، وطَعَنْتُهُ بِرُمْحِي حَتَّى قَتَلْتُهُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا المدينةَ، بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النبيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال لي: «يا أسامةُ، أَقَتَلْتَهُ بَعْدَ مَا قَالَ: لا إلهَ إلَّا اللهُ؟!» قُلْتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنما كان مُتَعَوِّذًا، فقال: «أَقَتَلْتَهُ بعد ما قال: لا إلهَ إلَّا اللهُ؟!» فَمَا زَالَ يُكَرِّرُهَا عَلَيَّ حتى تَمَنَّيْتُ أَنِّي لم أَكُنْ أَسْلَمْتُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ اليَوْمِ. وفي رواية: فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «أَقَالَ: لا إلهَ إلا اللهُ وَقَتَلْتَهُ؟!» قُلْتُ: يا رسولَ اللهِ، إنما قَالَهَا خَوْفًا من السِّلَاحِ، قال: «أَفَلَا شَقَقْتَ عَنْ قَلْبِهِ حَتَّى تَعْلَمَ أَقَالَهَا أَمْ لَا؟!» فَمَا زَالَ يُكَرِّرُهَا حَتَّى تَمَنَّيْتُ أَنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ يَوْمَئِذٍ. وعن جندب بن عبد الله رضي الله عنه : أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بَعَثَ بَعْثًا مِن المسلمينَ إلى قومٍ من المشركينَ، وأنهم الْتَقَوا، فَكَانَ رجلٌ مِن المشركينَ إذا شَاءَ أَنْ يَقْصِدَ إلى رجلٍ مِن المسلمينَ قَصَدَ له فَقَتَلَهُ، وأَنَّ رجلًا مِن المسلمينَ قَصَدَ غَفْلَتَهُ. وكُنَّا نَتَحَدَّثُ أَنَّهُ أسامةُ بْنُ زيدٍ، فَلَمَّا رَفَعَ عَلَيْهِ السَّيْفَ، قال: لا إلهَ إلا اللهُ، فَقَتَلَهُ، فجاءَ البَشِيرُ إلى رسولِ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَسَأَلَهُ وأَخْبَرَهُ، حتى أَخْبَرَهُ خَبَرَ الرجلِ كَيْفَ صَنَعَ، فَدَعَاهُ فَسَأَلَهُ، فقال: «لِمَ قَتَلْتَهُ؟» فقال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، أَوْجَعَ في المسلمينَ، وقَتَلَ فُلانًا وفُلانًا، وسَمَّى له نَفَرًا، وإِنِّي حَمَلْتُ عليهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى السَّيْفَ، قال: لا إلهَ إلا اللهُ. قال رسولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم : «أَقَتَلْتَهُ؟» قال: نعم. قال: «فَكَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بلا إلهَ إلا اللهُ، إذا جَاءَتْ يَومَ القِيَامَةِ؟» قال: يا رسولَ اللهِ، اسْتَغْفِرْ لِي. قال: «وكَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بلا إلهَ إلا اللهُ إذا جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ؟» فجعل لا يَزِيدُ على أَنْ يقولَ: «كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بلا إلهَ إلا اللهُ إذا جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ القيامةِ».
[صحيح] - [حديث أسامة بن زيد رضي الله عنه: رواه البخاري (5/ 144 رقم4269) (9/ 4 رقم6872)، ومسلم (1/ 97 رقم96). والرواية الثانية: رواها مسلم (1/ 97 رقم96). حديث جندب رضي الله عنه: رواه مسلم (1/ 97 رقم97)]

Usāmah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent us to Al-Huraqah, a sub- tribe of Juhaynah, and we attacked them in the morning at their springs. A man from the Ansār and I chased one of their men, and when we attacked him he said "there is no god but Allah". The Ansāri man held back from him but I stabbed him with my spear until I killed him. When we arrived in Madīnah, the news of this incident reached the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) so he said to me: "O Usāmah, you killed him after he had said there is no god but Allah?" I said: "O Messenger of Allah, he only said it to protect himself." He repeated: "You killed him after he had said there is no god but Allah?" He kept repeating it until I wished I had not embraced Islam before that day. In another narration: "So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Did he say there is no god but Allah and yet you still killed him?' I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, he only said it out of fear of the weapon!' He said: 'Did you split open his heart to know whether or not he meant it?' He continued saying it over and over again until I wished I had embraced Islam only that day." Jundub ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent an army of the Muslims to a tribe of idolaters. The two sides met (in combat). There was one of the idolaters who, whenever he wanted to aim for one of the Muslims, he went straight for him and killed him. A man from the Muslims was waiting for a chance to attack him while he was unaware. We heard that it was Usāmah ibn Zayd. When he (the Muslim man) raised his sword, the idolater said "there is no god but Allah", but he killed him. A man came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) with news of the victory, and he asked him (about the battle) so he informed him of everything including what that man (Usāmah) had done. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) summoned him and asked him: "Why did you kill him?" He said: "O Messenger of Allah, He struck many of the Muslims and killed so and so of them –and he named a group. I attacked him and when he saw the sword he said there is no god but Allah." The Messenger of Allah said: "Did you kill him?" Usasmah said: 'Yes.' The Messenger of Allah said: "What will you do with (his statement) there is no god but Allah when it comes on the Day of Judgment?" Usāmah said: "O Messenger of Allah, seek forgiveness for me!" He said: "And what will you do with there is no god but Allah when it comes on the Day of Judgment?" He added nothing, but kept repeating: "What would you do with there is no god but Allah when it comes on the Day of Judgment?"
[Authentic hadith] - [Muslim with its two versions - Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim]

Explanation

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) dispatched Usāmah ibn Zayd in a detachment to Al-Huraqah, a sub-tribe of Juhaynah. When they reached the idolaters and overtook them, a man from the idolaters escaped. Usāmah and a man from the Ansār chased him in order to kill him, and when they reached him, the man said: "There is no god but Allah." The Ansasri man left him when he said that. Usāmah, on the other hand, killed him. When they returned to Madīnah, and the news reached the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) he asked Usāmah: "Did you kill him after he had said There is no god but Allah?" Usāmah said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah, He only said it to save himself from being killed." The Prophet repeated the question: "Did you kill him after he had said There is no god but Allah?" Usāmah said: "Yes, he only said it to save himself from being killed. He brought harm to the Muslims and killed so and so of them." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Did you split open his heart to verify his intention? What would you do with (his statement) 'there is no god but Allah' when it comes on the Day of Judgment? Who will intercede for you, speak on your behalf and argue your case when the word of monotheism is brought and it is said to you: 'How could you kill someone who proclaimed it?'" Usāmah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I wished I had not embraced Islam before that day", because if he were a disbeliever who had just embraced Islam, Allah would pardon him. However he committed this act while he was a Muslim.