Hadith: On raising his head from bowing in the final Rak‘ah of the Fajr prayer, he would say: O Allah, curse so-and-so and so-and-so, after saying: "Allah hears those who praise Him, our Lord, all praise belongs to You." So, Allah revealed: {Not for you is the decision}

عن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما أنه سمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: إذا رَفَعَ رَأْسَه مِن الرُّكوع في الركعة الأخيرة مِن الفَجْر: «اللهمَّ الْعَنْ فُلانًا وفُلانًا». بعدَما يقول: «سَمِعَ الله لمن حَمِدَه رَبَّنا ولك الحَمْدُ». فأنزل الله: (لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ ...) الآية. وفي رواية: يَدْعُو على صَفْوَانَ بنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وسُهيْلِ بن عَمْرٍو، والحارث بن هشام، فنَزَلَتْ: (لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنَ الأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ).
[صحيح] - [رواه البخاري]

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on raising his head from bowing in the final Rak‘ah of the Fajr prayer, say: "O Allah, curse so-and-so and so-and-so", after saying: "Allah hears those who praise Him, our Lord, all praise belongs to You." So, Allah revealed: {Not for you (O Muhammad) is the decision.} [Sūrat āl-‘Imrān: 128] According to another narration of the Hadīth: "He was invoking against Safwān ibn Umayyah, Suhayl ibn ‘Amr, and Al-Hārith ibn Hishām, so the following verse was revealed: {Not for you (O Muhammad) is the decision.} [Sūrat āl-‘Imrān: 128]
[Authentic hadith] - [Narrated by Bukhari]

Explanation

In this Hadīth, ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) informs us that when the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) lifted his head from bowing in the final Rak‘ah of the Fajr prayer and after saying: "Allah hears those who praise Him," he made a strong invocation against some leaders of the polytheists who caused him harm on the Day of Uhud, and he would perhaps mention them by name, and invoke Allah's curse upon them by their names. So Allah sent down a verse upon him that included reproach and forbade him from doing that: {Not for you (O Muhammad) is the decision} [Sūrat āl-‘Imrān: 128]. That was due to Allah's prior knowledge that they would accept Islam and become good Muslims afterwards.